Oncofertility and the social sciences.

Due to breakthroughs in medical technology and more aggressive forms of cancer treatment, today most people diagnosed with cancer survive. In 2000, over 2.5 million adults of childbearing age were survivors of cancer [1,2]. And by 2010, it is estimated that one out of every 250 adults will be a survivor of childhood cancer [3,4]. The more aggressive forms of treatment that have made it possible for more people, particularly those diagnosed at younger ages, to survive cancer, however, also often impair an individual’s fertility. The field of oncofertility has emerged as a way to address lost or impaired fertility in those with a history of cancer. Biomedical research in this area is active in developing new ways to help those afflicted preserve their ability to have biological children. Oncofertility is also an interdisciplinary field that bridges biomedical and social sciences and examines issues regarding an individual’s fertility concerns, options, and choices in light of cancer diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship. Although the potential effects of cancer treatment on an individual’s fertility are well documented, the rate and extent of fertility impairment among those who have undergone cancer treatment are not fully known. Similarly, within the social sciences, how cancer patients are affected by infertility in their day-to-day lives and the impact on their sense of self have been largely overlooked. Improved survivorship rates over the last several decades, however, mean that cancer-related infertility is an issue that will become a concern for an increasing portion of the population along with their partners and families. Biomedical and social science research have largely been separate areas of scholarship with little discussion or inquiry across fields. However, a recent issue of Science implored that “the successful application of new knowledge and breakthrough technologies, which are likely to occur with ever-increasing frequency, will require an entirely new interdisciplinary approach” (p. 1847) [5]. Similarly, the interdisciplinary nature of oncofertility recognizes that understanding the social dynamics, institutional behaviors, and structural factors that envelop emerging technologies are not secondary research issues but require careful empirical inquiry as technologies are developed because the surrounding social environment influences and is affected by how those technologies are integrated into society and used by individuals and institutions. Including social science research as a constitutive part of oncofertility will help to broaden understanding within the